Anatomy: Articular cartilage is a smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of the bones within the knee joint. It lines the surface of the femur, tibia, and patella (kneecap) where they come into contact with each other.

Function: Articular cartilage serves as a cushioning and lubricating layer, allowing smooth and frictionless movement between the bones of the knee joint. It helps distribute weight evenly across the joint and absorbs shock during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Articular cartilage also provides a low-friction surface that reduces wear and tear on the joint over time.

Anatomy: The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage located between the femur and tibia in each knee joint. There are two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus on the inner side and the lateral meniscus on the outer side.

• Shock Absorption: They act as shock absorbers, helping to distribute forces evenly across the knee joint during weight-bearing activities.
• Stability: The menisci help stabilize the knee joint by improving the fit between the rounded ends of the femur and the flat surface of the tibia.
• Lubrication: They assist in lubricating the joint surfaces, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement of the knee.
• Load Transmission: The menisci help transmit forces between the femur and tibia, which is especially important during activities involving twisting and pivoting motions.